WASHINGTON — The Pentagon is looking to expand its testing of emerging technologies along the US-Mexico border, focusing on unmanned systems and high-energy lasers. This initiative aims to enhance the Department of Defense’s (DoD) capabilities in border security, contingent on securing adequate funding from Congress, according to Mark Ditlevson, the assistant secretary of defense for Homeland Defense and Americas Security Affairs, in an interview with Breaking Defense.
Ditlevson expressed a desire to introduce new projects and programs to the border area, emphasizing the importance of conducting these tests responsibly and safely. However, he noted that ongoing negotiations in Congress regarding the fiscal year 2027 budget could impact the timeline and scope of these initiatives.
Current Technologies and Future Plans
As part of its current efforts, the Pentagon has deployed 10 Lightfish unmanned surface vessels (USVs) to monitor the border area along the Rio Grande. Following positive feedback on these sensor platforms, Ditlevson is considering expanding their use into the Gulf of Mexico to assist in combating drug trafficking. The timeline for this expansion remains uncertain.
In addition to USVs, the Pentagon is exploring the automation of aerial drones to reduce the number of operators needed on the ground. Ditlevson acknowledged the challenges of integrating obstacle avoidance systems to ensure safe operation within US airspace.
There is also potential for testing unmanned ground vehicles, provided they can effectively augment the capabilities of service members deployed to assist border patrol efforts. Ditlevson highlighted the need for targeted investments that yield significant returns in operational effectiveness.
Integration of Software and Sensor Technologies
On the software front, the Pentagon plans to integrate the Counter-Unmanned Aerial Systems (C-UAS) sensor architecture from the Joint Interagency Task Force-401 into its border operations next year. Ditlevson emphasized the importance of integrating hardware with a robust software backbone, which includes systems like DOD’s Maven Smart System and Customs Border Protection’s Minotaur.
Challenges with Directed Energy Weapons
The Pentagon’s push to deploy new technologies, including directed energy weapons, faces several challenges. Although the military has been developing high-energy lasers and high-powered microwaves for years, legal restrictions and safety regulations have complicated their testing on US soil. Recent legislative changes, such as the Safer Skies Act, have provided new tools and authorities for counter-drone operations, potentially easing some of these restrictions.
Despite these advancements, incidents like the February airspace shutdown around El Paso, which was linked to a miscommunication regarding the use of a counter-drone laser, highlight the complexities involved in deploying such technologies. Ditlevson assured that measures have been implemented to prevent similar issues in the future, stating that the Pentagon is now fully integrated with the FAA in its technology development efforts.
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